"C. C" is a word in LAW AND LEGAL

d. 287.—Aot of parliament. A statute, law, or edict, made by the British sovereign, with the advice and consent of tbe lords spiritual and temporal, and the commons, in par-liament assembled. Acts of parliament form the leges script#, i. e., the written laws of the-kingdom.—Aot of providence. An accident against which ordinary skill and foresight could not guard. McCoy v. Danley, 20 Pa. 01. 57 Am. Dec. 680. Equivalent to “act of God,” see supra.—Aot of sale. In Louisiana law. An official record of a sale of property, made-by a notary who writes down the agreement of the parties as stated by them, and which is then signed by the parties and attested by witnesses. Hodge v. Palms. 117 Fed. 396, 54 C. C. A. 570. —Act of settlement. Tbe statute (12 & 13 Wm. III. c. 2) limiting the crown to the Princess Sophia of Hanover, and to the heirs of her body being Protestants.—Act of state. An act done by the sovereiah power of a country, oh by its delegate, within the limits of the power vested in him. An act of state cannot be questioned or made the subject of legal pro-ceedings in a court of law.—Act of snprom-acy. The statute (1 Eliz. c. 1) by which the supremacy of the British crown in ecclesiastical matters within the realm was declared and established.—Act of uniformity. In English law. The statute of 13 & 14 Car. II. c. 4, en-acting that the book of common prayer, as then recently revised, Bhould be used in every parish church and other place of oublic worship, and otherwise ordaining a uniformity in religious services, etc. 3 Steph. Comm. 104.—Act of union. Iu English law. The statute of 5 Anne, c. 8, by which the articles of union between the two kingdoms of England and Scot-land were ratified and confirmed. 1 Bl. Comm. 97.—Private aot. A statute operating only upon particular persons and private concerns, and of which the courts are not bound to take notice. Unity v. Burrage. 103 U. 8. 454, 26 L. Ed. 405; Fall Brook Coal Co. v. Lynch, 47 How. Prac. (N. ¥.) 520; Sasser v. Martin, 101 Ga. 447. 29 S. E. 278.—Pnblio aot. A uni-versal rule or law that regards the whole com-munity, and of which the courts of law are bound to take notice judicially and ex officio without its being particularly pleaded. 1 Bl. Comm. 86. See People v. Chautauqua County, 43 N. Y. 10; Sasser v. Martin. 101 Ga. 447, 29 S. E. 278; Bank of Newberry v. Greenville & C. R. Co.. 9 Rich. Law (S. C.) 496; People v. Bellet, 99 Mich. 151, 57 N. W. 1094, 22 L. R. A. 696, 41 Am. St. Ren. 589: Holt v. Blr-mingham, 111 Ala. 369, 19 South. 735

s distinguished from equity iaw, it ts a body of rules and principles, written or unwritten, which are of fixed and immutable authority, and which must be applied to con-troversles rigorously and in their entirety, and cannot be modified to suit the peculiari-tles of a specific case, or colored by any judi-cial discretion, and which rests confessedly upon custom or statute, as distinguished from any claim to ethical superiority. Kle-ver v. Seawall, 65 Fed. 395, 12 C. C. A. 661

P. An abbreviation for Code of Civil Procedure; also for court of common pleas.* ■ •

n. In its most general sense, this noun signifies something done voluntarily by a person; the exercise of an lndlvldual’s power; an effect produced in the external world by an exercise of the power of a person objectively, prompted by Intention, and proxlmately caused by a motion of the will. In a more technical sense, it means some-thing done voluntarily by a person, and of such a nature that certain legal consequences attach to it. Duncan v. Landis, 106 Fed. 839, 45 C. C. A. 666. Thus a grantor acknowl-edges the conveyance to be hls “act and deed," tbe terms being synonymous

sferred, is matter in pais. 2 Bl. Comm. 294.—Aot of attainder. A legislative act, at-tainting a person. See Attainder.—Act of bankruptcy. Any act which renders a person liable to be proceeded against as a bankrupt, or for which he may be adjudged bankrupt. These acts are usually defined and classified in statutes on the subject. Duncan v. Landis, 106 Fed. 839, 45 C. C. A. 666; In re Chapman (D. C.) 99 Fed. 395.—Act of curatory. In Scotch law. The act extracted by the clerk, upon any one’s acceptance of being curator. Forb. Inst pt. 1, b. 1, c. 2. tit. 2. 2 Karnes

an bill of bealtb. one certifying that no contagious or infectious disease exists, or certifying as to healthy conditions generally without exception or reservation.-4Hean bill of lading. one without exception or reservation as to the place or manner of stowage of the goods, and importing that the goods are to be (or have been) safely and properly stowed tinder deck. The Delaware, 14 Wall. 596, 20 I* Efl. 779; The Kirkhill, 99 Fed. 575. 39 C. C. A. 658; The wellington, 20 Fed. Cas. 626. —Clean bands. It is a rule of equity that a plaintiff must come with “clean hands.” i. e., he must be free from reproach in his conduct. But then is this limitation to the rule: that his con-duct can only be excepted to in respect to the subject-matter of his claim; everything else is immaterial. American Ass’n v. Innis, 109 Ky. 595. 60 S. W. 388

ed. 258, 15 C. C. A. 379; Towing Co. v. AStna Ins. Co., 23 App. Div. 152, 48 N. Y. Supp. 927

ion of different elements. A patent may be taken out for a new combination of existing machines. Stevenson Co. v. McFas-sell, 90 Fed. 707, 33 C. C. A. 249; Moore v. Schaw (Q C.) 118 Fed. 602

d by the inhabitants of a manor to their ord, towards the charge of holding a court leet. Bailey, Diet.—Common form. A will is said to be proved in common form when the executor proves it on his own oath; as distinguished from “proof by witnesses.” which is necessary when the paper propounded as a will is disputed. Hubbard v. Hubbard, 7 or. 42; Richardson v. Green. 61 Fed. 423, 9 C. C. A. R65; In re Straub, 49 N. J. Eq. 264, 24 Atl. 509; Sutton v. Hancock, 118 Ga. 436. 45 S. E. 504.—Common ball. A court in the city of London, at which ali the citizens, or such as are free of the city, have a right to attend.— Common learning;* Familiar law or doc-trine. Dyer, 27b. 33.—Common place. Com-mon pleas. The English court of common pleas is sometimes so called iu the old books.—Oom-mon prayer. The liturgy, or public form of

second class when the performance of one condition is not obligatory until the actual performance of the other; and to the third class when neither party need perform his con-dition unless the other is ready and willing to perform his, or, in other words, when the mu-tual covenants go to the whole consideration on both sides and each is precedent to the oth-er. Huggins v. Daley, 99 Fed. 609, 40 C. C. A. 12, 48 L. R. A. 320

sification. Formal parties are those who have no interest in the controversy between tbe immediate litigants, but bave an interest in the subject-matter which may be conveniently settled in tbe suit, and thereby prevent further litigation; they may be made parties or not, at the option of the complainant. Chadbourne v. Coe, 51 Fed. 479, 2 C. C. A. 82,7.—Necessary parties are those parties who have such an interest in the subject-matter of a suit in equity, or whose rights are so involved in the contro-versy, that no complete and effective decree can be made, dispoptyg of the matters in issue and